Home UMUM Understanding, Formulas, Functions and Sentence Examples 16 English Tenses

Understanding, Formulas, Functions and Sentence Examples 16 English Tenses

Understanding, Formulas, Functions and Sentence Examples 16 English Tenses





Understanding, Formulas, Functions and Sentence Examples 16 English Tenses



Understanding Tenses

Tenses is a verb form in English to show the time (present, future, or past) the occurrence of an act or event.

    Kinds, Uses, Formulas and Sample Sentences Tenses

    Tense ExplanationExample Tense Sentence
    Simple present tense

    Formula:

    S + V-1

    Use:

    Simple present tense to express facts, habits, and events that occur at the present moment.
    • We agree with the speaker's opinion.
      (We agree with the speaker's opinion.)
    • She is so beautiful.
      (She is very beautiful.)
    About Simple Present Tense
    Present Continuous Tense

    Formula:

    S + am / is / are + present participle / V-ing

    Use:

    Present continuous tense to discuss current ongoing actions or future plans.
    • I 'm driving a car to Bandung now.
      (I'm driving to Bandung now.)
    • The buses are arriving in an hour.
      (The buses arrived within an hour.)
    Problem Present Continuous Tense
    Present Perfect Tense

    Formula:

    S + have / has + past participle / V-3

    Use:

    Present perfect tense is used to express an activity or situation that has been started in the past and has been completed at a certain point in time in the past or still continues today.
    • I ' ve read this book.
      (I've read this book.)
    • I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
      (I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.)
    Problem Present Perfect Tense
    Present Perfect Continuous Tense

    Formula:

    S + have / has + been + present participle / V-ing

    Use:

    Present perfect continuous tense to reveal completed actions at a past point or action has started in the past and continues to the present day. Usually the action there is a certain duration of time and there is relevance to the current conditions.
    • The toddlers have been playing a ball for an hour.
      (The toddlers have been playing ball for an hour.)
    • The construction labors are thirsty since they have been removing the scaffoldings.
      (Construction workers are thirsty because they have moved the scaffolding.)
    Problem Present Perfect Continuous Tense
    Simple Past Tense

    Formula:

    S + V-2

    Use:

    Simple past tense to show that an event occurred in the past.
    • The party started at 10.00 am
      (The party starts at 10 am.)
    About Simple Past Tense
    Past Continuous Tense

    Formula:

    S + was / were + present participle / V-ing

    Use:

    Past continuous tense is used to reveal that an action is occurring at a certain time in the past.
    • The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.
      (The team played basketball all day yesterday.)
    About Past Continuous Tense
    Past Perfect Tense

    Formula:

    S + had + past participle / V-3

    Use:

    Past perfect tense to state that an action has been completed at a point in the past before another action takes place.
    • When he came last night, the cake had run out .
      (When he came last night, the cake was gone.)
    About Past Perfect Tense
    Past Perfect Continuous Tense

    Formula:

    S + had + been + present participle / V-ing

    Use:

    The past perfect continuous tense used to express an action (with a certain duration of time) has been completed at a certain point in time in the past.
    • The labors had been demonstrating for an hour when the manager came.
      (Workers have been demonstrating for an hour when the manager arrives.)
    About Past Perfect Continuous Tense
    Simple Future Tense

    Formula:

    • S + will + bare infinitive
    • S + be (is / am / are) + going to + bare infinitive )

    Use:

    Simple future tense to state that an action takes place in the future, spontaneously or planned.
    • You will win the game.
      (You will win the game.)
    • I am going to meet him tomorrow.
      (I'll see him tomorrow.)
    About Simple Future Tense
    Future Continuous Tense

    Formula:

    S + will + be + present participle / V-ing

    Use:

    Future continuous tense to reveal actions that will be happening at a certain time in the future.
    • He will be sleeping at 10 pm
      (He will be sleeping at 10 pm.)
    About Future Continuous Tense
    Future Perfect Tense

    Formula:

    S + will + have + past participle / V-3

    Use:

    Future perfect tense to reveal that an activity will be completed at a point in time in the future.
    • At this time next month, I 'll have finishedmy English course.
      (At the same time next month, I will have completed an English course.)
    Problem Future Perfect Tense
    Future Perfect Continuous Tense

    Formula:

    S + will + have + been + present participle / V-ing

    Use:

    Future perfect continuous tense to reveal that an action will have been going on for a long time at a certain point in time in the future.
    • The cat will have been sleeping long when you get home.
      (The cat has been sleeping a long time when you went home.)
    Problem Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    Simple Past Future Tense

    Formula:

    S + would + bare infinitive

    Use:

    Simple past future tense to declare an action to take place, make predictions, and make future appointments while in the past.
    • He would forgive you.
      (He'll forgive you.)
    About Simple Past Future Tense
    Past Future Continuous Tense

    Formula:

    S + would + be + present participle

    Use:

    Past future continuous tense is a verb form to express an imaginary action or situation that is in progress if its unreal condition is met (present continuous conditional- type conditional sentence 2 with continuous tense).
    		I would be attending the conference if I was in Jakarta.
    (I will be attending the conference if I am in Jakarta.)

    Fact:

    but I'm not in Jakarta (but I'm not in Jakarta)
    Past Future Perfect Tense

    Formula:

    S + would + have + past participle / V-3

    Use:

    Past future perfect tense to discuss an action that did not happen in the past ( conditional sentence type 3 ).
    		If you had saved your jewelry and foreign currency in a safety deposit box, they would not have gone .
    (If you have kept your jewelry and foreign currency in the safety deposit box , they will not be lost.)
    Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

    Formula:

    S + would + have + been + present participle

    Use:

    Past future perfect continuous tense is a verb form to declare an action or an imaginary situation taking place at a certain point or during a certain period of time (perfect continuous conditional ~ conditional type 3with continuous)
    		If his Visa had been approved, he would have been working abroad for a week.
    (If her visa has been approved, she will have worked for a week.)

    Fact:

    but his Visa was not approved (but his visa was not approved)

    Note:

    The formula in the table above is a general formula. Some tense like simple present tense and simple future tense have other formula options that are described in more detail on each page.

    Exercises:

    • About English Tenses
    • About Simple Present Tense
    • About Simple Past Tense



      References:

      1. Simple present tense. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/simple_present.htm .Accessed on February 19, 2012.
      2. Sequence of Tenses. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/01/. Accessed on February 21, 2013.
      3. Verb Tenses. http://faculty.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/verbtenses.html. Accessed on February 21, 2013.
      4. Future-in-the-past. http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/Future-In-The-Past.htm . Accessed on December 11, 2012.
      5. Continuous Conditionals. http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/continuousconditional.html. Accessed on July 10, 2015.
      6. Perfect Continuous Conditional. http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/perfect-continuous-conditional/ . Accessed on July 10, 2015.
      7. Purnama, Praise. (2012). Eat 16 English Tenses as Easier as Fastfood. Yogyakarta: New Diglossia.
      8. Hanafi, Tommy. (2011). It must be 16 Tenses Fast. Yogyakarta: Javalitera.
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